This report provides a comprehensive review of the health and health care of the population of London, based on a variety of published and unpublished data sources. The report considers London in three ways: first, by providing comparisons between different parts of the capital; second, by comparing areas of London with similar areas in the rest of England; and, finally and less completely, by considering changes since the report of the first King's Fund London Commission in 1992. The report provides an analysis of the demographic structure of London including future population projections. Broad indicators of health status such as Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and measures of healthy life expectancy are also provided, and some aggregate measures of socioeconomic deprivation and need for health services are also considered. The report goes on to consider hospital-based activity, and services provided outside the hospital such as community health services, family health services, and social services. The financial framework underlying health services in London is then examined, and efficiency indicators, both financial and non-financial are considered.