Since the 1950s, the NHS has been looking at ways of improving care coordination. Lord Darzi’s NHS Next Stage Review introduced a new concept, that of the integrated care organisation (ICO). Since then, the Government has begun piloting schemes that offer different models of integrated care. This report, published jointly by The Nuffield Trust and The King’s Fund, examines some of these new models. It focuses in particular on organisations that combine commissioner and provider roles. These, the authors suggest, offer the most promise for aligning incentives to produce efficient care across primary, community and acute services.